1000 BC: India—Iron Age of India. Iron Age kingdoms rule India—Panchala, Kuru
(referred in Mahabharata), Kosala, Videha.
993 BC: Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt.
993 BC: Archippus, Archon of Athens dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded
by his son Thersippus.
984 BC: Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt.
982 BC: The end of first period (1197 BC—982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the
I Ching and history.
978 BC: Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt.
967 BC: Solomon becomes king of the Israelites.
967 BC: Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria.
965 BC: David, king of the ancient Israelites, died.
962 BC: Solomon becomes king of Israel, following the death of his father, King David.
959 BC: Psusennes II succeeds Siamun as king of Egypt.
957 BC: Solomon completes the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem.
952 BC: Thersippus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 41 years and is succeeded by his
son Phorbas.
947 BC: Death of King Mo of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
946 BC: King Gong of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
945 BC: Egypt: Psusennes III dies, the last king of the Twenty-first Dynasty. Shoshenq I
succeeds him, the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty.
935 BC: Death of King Gong of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
935 BC: Death of Tiglath-Pileser II king of Assyria.
934 BC: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
925 BC: Solomon, king of the ancient Israelites, died.
c. 925 BC: Partition of ancient Israel into the Kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
924 BC: Osorkon I succeeds his father Shoshenq I as king of Egypt.
922 BC: Phorbas, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by
his son Megacles.
912 BC: Adad-nirari II succeeds his father Ashur-Dan II as king of Assyria.
911 BC: Abijah, king of Judah, dies.
910 BC: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
909 BC: King Xiao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
909 BC: Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel, dies and is
succeeded by his son Nadab.
900s BC: India—Vedic India—Yajnavalkya writes the Shatapatha Brahmana, in which he
describes the motions of the sun and the moon.
c. 900 BC: the Villanovan culture emerges in northern Italy.
900 BC: Kingdom of Kush.
Late 10th century BC: Centaur, from Lefkandi, Euboea is made. It is now at the
Archaeological Museum of Eretria in Greece.
Foundation of Sparta.
The kingdom of Ethiopia is founded by Menelik I, son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
(according to legend)
First extant evidence of written Aramaic language.
The earliest known settlement in Plymouth, England dates back to this era.
Creation of ceremonial golden hats in Central Europe.
895 BC: Death of King Xiao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
894 BC: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
892 BC: Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is
succeeded by his son Diognetus.
891 BC: Tukulti-Ninurta II succeeds his father Adad-nirari II as king of Assyria.
889 BC: Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt.
884 BC: Assurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-ninurta II as king of Assyria.
879 BC: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
878 BC: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
874 BC: Osorkon II succeeds Takelot I as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
874 BC: Ahab becomes king of Kingdom of Israel (approximate date).
872 BC: An exceptionally high flood of the Nile covers the floors of the Temple of Luxor.
865 BC: Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.
864 BC: Diognetus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by
his son Pherecles.
860 BC: The kingdom of Urartu is unified.
858 BC: Aramu becomes king of Urartu.
858 BC: Shalmaneser III succeeds Assurnasipal II as king of Assyria.
854 BC: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king
Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Damascus and lesser powers
including the prince of Tyre. (or 853 BC)
853 BC: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king
Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Damascus and lesser powers
including the prince of Tyre. (or 854 BC)
850 BC: Takelot II succeeds Osorkon II as King of Egypt.
850 BC: The Middle Mumun Pottery Period begins in the Korean peninsula.
845 BC: Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded
by his son Ariphron.
842 BC: Shalmaneser III devastates the territory of Damascus; Kingdom of Israel and
the Phoenician cities send tribute.
841 BC: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
841 BC: Records of the Grand Historian regards this year as the first year of
consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.
836 BC: Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni.
836 BC: Civil war breaks out in Egypt.
827 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
825 BC: Takelot II, king of Egypt, dies. Crown Prince Osorkon III and Shoshenq III,
sons of Takelot, battle for the throne.
c. 825 BC: Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded
by his son Thespieus.
823 BC: Death of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria. He is succeeded by his son
Shamshi-Adad V.
820 BC: Pygmalion ascends the throne of Tyre.
817 BC: Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the
Twenty-third Dynasty.
814 BC: Carthage is founded by Dido (traditional date).
813 BC: Carthage is founded by Phoenicians.
811 BC: Adad-nirari III succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V as king of Assyria.
804 BC: Adad-nirari III of Assyria conquers Damascus.
804 BC: Death of Pedubastis I, pharaoh.
c. 800 BC: Etruscan civilization.
Beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture,
and the Proto-Celtic language.
Adena culture appears in present day Northeastern United States.
967 Solomon anointed king of Israel
925 Judah secedes from Israel
900 La Venta replaces San Lorenzo (Olmec)
900 Rise of Tres Zapotes
1000 David (1000-961)
Biblical King
961 - 922 Solomon
Rebellion of the North and Its Aftermath
1000 Formation of Sparta after they defeated the Dorians
aprox
872 Nile floods the Temple of Luxor
863 Bath founded Europe
850 Rise of Zapotec civilization in Mexico
836 Civil war in Egypt
814 Carthage founded
800 Jonah and Whale… Old Testiment
800 Kaminaljuyu established (Maya)
800 Beginning of corn cultivation on Amazon flood plain
800 Rise of Adena culture in Ohio
800 rise of Etruscan civilization
Late 8th century BC: Earrings, crown and rosettes, from the tomb of Queen Yabay in Kalhu
(modern Nimrud, Iraq) are made. They are now at Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Discovered in 1988.
c. 800 BC—c. 700 BC; Woman spinning, from Susa (modern Shush, Iran) is made. It is now
at Musee du Louvre, Paris.
797 BC: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia.
797 BC: Thespieus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his
son Agamestor.
783 BC: Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria.
782 BC: Founding of Erebuni (Էրեբունի) by the orders of King Argishtis I at the site of
current-day Yerevan.
782 BC: Death of King Xuan of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC) of China.
781 BC: King You of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC) of China.
780 BC: The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
778 BC: Agamestor, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his
son Aeschylus.
776 BC: retrospectively set as the first Olympiad. The history Olympic Games is believed to
reach as far back as the 13th century BC.
774 BC: End of the reign of king Pygmalion of Tyre.
773 BC: Death of Shoshenq III, king of Egypt.
773 BC: Ashur-Dan III succeeds his brother Shalmaneser IV as king of Assyria.
771 BC: End of the Western Zhou Dynasty in China as "western" barbarian tribes sack the
capital Hao. King You of Zhou is killed. Crown Prince Ji Yijiu escapes and will reign as
King Ping of Zhou.
770 BC: Beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China as King Ping of Zhou becomes the
first King of the Zhou to rule from the new capital of Chengzhou (today Luoyang).
Assyria conquers Damascus and Samaria.
June 15, 763 BC: A solar eclipse at this date is used to fix the
chronology of the Ancient Near East.
756 BC: Founding of Cyzicus.
755 BC: Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria.
755 BC: Aeschylus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by
Alcmaeon.
753 BC: Alcmaeon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by
Harops, elected Archon for a ten-year term.
April 21, 753 BC: Rome founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the
Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.
February 26, 747 BC: Nabonassar becomes king of Assyria.
747 BC: Meles becomes king of Lydia.
745 BC: The Crown of Assyria seized by Pul, who takes the name Tiglath-Pileser III.
743 BC: Duke Zhuang of the Chinese state of Zheng comes to power.
740 BC: Tiglath-Pileser III conquers the city of Arpad in Syria after two years of siege.
740 BC: Start of Ahaz's reign of Judah.
739 BC: Hiram II becomes king of Tyre.
738 BC: King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Israel, forcing it to pay tribute.
734 BC: Naxus in Sicily founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea. (traditional date)
732 BC: Hoshea becomes the last king of Israel.
730 BC: Osorkon IV succeeds Sheshonq IV as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
730 BC: Piye succeeds his father Kashta as king of the Nubian kingdom of Napata.
730 BC: Mattan II succeeds Hiram II as king of Tyre.
728 BC: Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers
of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt.
727 BC: Babylonia makes itself independent of Assyria.
724 BC: The Assyrians start a four-year siege of Tyre.
724 BC: The diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics.
722 BC: Spring and Autumn Period of China's history begins as King King Ping of Zhou of the
Zhou Dynasty reigns in name only.
722 BC: Israel is conquered by Assyrian king Sargon II.
720 BC: End of the Assyrian siege of Tyre.
c. 710 BC: Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria.
719 BC: King Huan of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty becomes ruler of China.
718 BC: Gyges becomes the ruler of Lydia.
717 BC: Assyrian king Sargon conquers the Hittites stronghold of Carchemish.
717 BC: Sargon II founds a new capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin.
716 BC: Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended his rule.
715 BC: Start of the reign of Roman King Numa Pompilius.
713 BC: Numa Pompilius reforms the Roman calendar.
712 BC: Numa Pompilius creates the office of Pontifex Maximus.
706 BC: Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in
southern Italy.
705 BC: Sennacherib succeeds Sargon II as king of Assyria.
704 BC: Sennacherib moves the capital of Assyria to Nineveh.
701 BC: King Hezekiah of Judah, backed by Egypt, revolts against king Sennacherib of
Assyria. Sennacherib sacks many cities, but fails in his attempt to take Jerusalem.
700 BC: The Scythians start settling in Cimmerian areas, slowly replacing the previous inhabitants.
700 BC: End of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy and rise of the Etruscan civilization.
700 BC: The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written around this time.
Mid-8th century BC: Model of temple, found in the Sanctuary of Hera, Argos, is made.
Greeks colonize Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Thraco-Cimmerian influence in Central Europe.
776 first Olympiad
753 Rome founded
740 Kushite Piye begins reign
738 Assyria invades Israel
727 Babylonia secedes from Assyria
727 Kush conquers Egypt, 25 dynasty
722 Israel is conquered by Assyria
701 Kushites repels Assyrians from Jerusalem
700 Pre-Aksumite
700 Many temple centres abandoned on coast of Peru
700 Poverty Point (Louisiana) abandoned
700 Upanishads written
1000 Psusennes I and II
Shoshenq I, King David of Israel
900 Zoroaster, Osorkon I
Takelot II
800 Shoshenq II, Homer Alara
Piye
700 Kashta, Isaiah Romulus and Remus Taharqa
Tantamani
600 Psamtik I, Jeremiah Aspelta
Psamtik II
Apries, Mahavira
Lao, Zi
500 Cyrus the Great, Leonidas Baskakeren
Harsiotef
Hanno II, Gautama Buddha
Confucius
Darius I of Persia, Pericles
Socrates
400 Plato, Khabash
Nastasen
Mago II , Pāṇini
Chandragupta
Mencius, Aristotle
300 Alexander the Great, Hannibal
Aktisanes
Amanislo , Ashoka
Pingala
Qin Shi Huang, Euclid
Archimedes
200 Hasdrubal the Boeotarch
Shanakdakhete
Masinissa , Jonathan Maccabaeus
100 Emperor Wu of Han , Amanitore
Amanirenas
Cleopatra, Herod the Great
Sima Qian Cicero
Julius Caesar
Virgil
700 BC – 600 BC: Baudhayana Sulbasutra, an orally transmitted
Vedic Sanskrit text on altar construction, contains the earliest extant verbal
statement of the Pythagorean theorem, which was likely known to (but not stated by)
Old Babylonians (1800 BC to 1600 BC).
700 BC: The Songguk-ri Culture begins in the southern Korean peninsula.
c. 601 BC: The Medes from Media (western Iran) and the Scythians from modern Russia and
Ukraine invade the northern and eastern parts of Assyria.
699 BC: Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire.
697 BC: Death of King Huan of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
696 BC: King Zhuang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
696 BC: The Cimmerians ravage Phrygia, possible migration of the Armenians.
691 BC: King Sennacherib of Assyria defeats king Humban-nimena of Elam in the
Battle of Halule.
690 BC: Taharqa, a king of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, ascends the throne of Egypt
689 BC: King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.
687 BC: Gyges becomes king of Lydia.
687 BC: Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah.
682 BC: Death of King Zhuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
681 BC: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
681 BC: Esarhaddon succeeds Sennacherib as king of Assyria.
677 BC: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
677 BC: Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes, advances as
far as the Brook of Egypt.
676 BC: King Hui of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
675 BC: Esarhaddon begins the rebuilding of Babylon.
674 BC: Esarhaddon puts down a revolt in Ashkelon supported by Taharqa, king of Egypt.
In response, the Assyrians invade Egypt, but Taharqa is able to hold the invaders off.
673 BC: Tullus Hostilius becomes king of Rome.
671 BC: Esarhaddon again invades Egypt, capturing Memphis as well as a number of the
royal family.
669 BC: Assurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria.
669 BC: Argos defeats Sparta for the last time, this time using a Phalanx, at the battle of
Hysiae.
668 BC: Shamash-shum-ukin, son of Esarhaddon, becomes King of Babylon.
668 BC: Egypt revolts against Assyria.
c. 668 BC: Nineveh, capital of Assyria becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from
Thebes in Egypt.[1]
667 BC: Byzantium founded by Megaran colonists under Byzas. (traditional date)
664 BC: First naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra.
664 BC: Assurbanipal captures and sacks Thebes, Egypt.
664 BC: Psammetichus I succeeds Necho I as king of Lower Egypt.
664 BC: Taharqa appoints his nephew Tantamani as his successor of Upper Egypt.
February 11, 660 BC—Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
660 BC: First known use of the Demotic script.
660 BC: Psammetichus I drives the Assyrians out of Egypt.
660 BC: Estimated date of the impact that created the Kaali crater
650s BC: The Spartan Creed by Ancient Greek poet Tyrtaeus
650s BC: Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras, Guatemala.
657 BC: Cypselus becomes the first tyrant of Corinth.
656 BC: Psammetichus extends his control over all of Egypt. End of Twenty-fifth Dynasty.
653 BC: Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak and Khumbanigash II succeed Shilhak-In-Shushinak and
Tempti-Khumma-In-Shushinak as kings of the Elamite Empire.
652 BC: Babylonia rises in revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin against the Assyrians.
651 BC: King Xiang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
650 BC: The town of Abdera in Thrace is founded by colonists from Clazomenae.
650 BC: A climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Europe with colder and wetter
climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed
downwards into the European continent.
c. 640 BC: Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which includes our earliest
complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
C.640 BC: Josiah becomes king of Judah.
649 BC: Indabigash succeeds Tammaritu as a king of the Elamite Empire.
649 BC: Babylonian revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin is crushed by the Assyrians.
648 BC: Pankration becomes an event at the Ancient Olympic Games.
April 6, 648 BC: Earliest Greek-chronicled solar eclipse.[2]
647 BC: King Assurbanipal of Assyria sacks Susa
642 BC: Ancus Marcius becomes king of Rome (traditional date).
640 BC: Great victory of Assyria over Elamite Empire.
632 BC: Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes the Acropolis in a failed attempt to become king.
632 BC: In the Battle of Chengpu, the Chinese kingdom of Jin and her allies defeat the
kingdom of Chu and her allies.
631 BC: Founding of Cyrene, a Greek colony in Libya (North Africa) (approximate date).
631 BC: Sadyates becomes king of Lydia.
627 BC: Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur-etel-ilani
626 BC: Nabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
625 BC: Medes and Babylonians assert their independence from Assyria and attack Nineveh
623 BC: Sin-shar-ishkun succeeds his brother Assur-etel-ilani as king of Assyria
c. 622 BC: Text of Deuteronomy found in the Temple in Jerusalem.
619 BC: Alyattes becomes king of Lydia.
619 BC: Death of King Xiang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
618 BC: King Qing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
616 BC: Lucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes king of Rome.
614 BC: Sack of Asshur by the Medes and Babylonians.
613 BC: Death of King Qing of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
612 BC: King Kuang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
612 BC: An alliance of Medes, Babylonians and Susianians besiege and conquer Nineveh.
King Sin-shar-ishkun of Assyria is killed in the sack.
612 BC: Ashur-uballit II attempts to keep the Assyrian empire alive by establishing himself as
king at Harran.
c. 612 BC: Babylon, capital of Babylonia becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from
Nineveh, capital of Assyria.[3]
610 BC: Necho II succeeds Psammetichus I as king of Egypt.
609 BC: King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt,
who is on his way north to aid the rump Assyrian state of Ashur-uballit II.
609 BC: The Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashur-uballit II and capture Harran.
Ashur-uballit, the last Assyrian king, disappears from history.
609 BC: Jehoahaz succeeds his father Josiah as King of Judah, but is quickly deposed by
Necho, who installs Jehoahaz's brother Jehoiakim in his place.
607 BC: Death of King Kuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
606 BC: King Ding of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
605 BC: Battle of Carchemish: Crown Prince Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon defeats the army of
Necho II of Egypt, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria. The Babylonians
pursue through Syria and Palestine.
605 BC: Nebuchadrezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as King of Babylon.
600 BC: Foundation of Capua.
600 BC: India—Age of the Mahajanapadas—16 great kingdoms rule India—Kasi, Kosala,
Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Malla, Chedi, Vatsa (or Vamsa), Kuru, Panchala, Machcha
(or Matsya), Surasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara, Kamboja
600 BC: Foundation of Milan by Celts (approximate date).
600 BC: Foundation of Marseille by Phoceans (traditional date).
600 BC: Smyrna sacked and destroyed.
600 BC: Nebuchadrezzar builds the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
Scythians arrived in Asia.
674 Taharqa defeats Assyrian invasion
671 Kushites expelled from Egypt by Assyrians
650 Sparta became the dominant MilitaryPower in Ancient Greece during Greco-Persian Wars
631 End of the Assyrian Empire
625 Birth of Buddha
600 - 500 Old Testiment finally comes together
600 Ball courts appear in Olmec centres
600 writing system appears in Mexico
600 Rise of Paracas culture (Peru)
600 Nok culture iron smelting
600 Iron making around Great Lakes region
Mid-6th century BC: Foundation of Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens) is made
598 BC: Jehoiachin succeeds Jehoiakim as King of Judah
16 March 597 BC: Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as King
595 BC: Psammetichus II succeeds Necho II as King of Egypt
594 BC: Solon appointed archon of Athens; institutes democratic reforms
590 BC: Egyptian army sacks Napata, compelling the Cushite court to move to a more
secure location at Meroe near the sixth Cataract [2]
589 BC: Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as King of Egypt
588 BC: Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon begins siege of Jerusalem; some sources set the
date at 587 BC
587/586 BC: Jerusalem falls to the Babylonians, ending the Kingdom of Judah.
The conquerors destroy the Temple of Jerusalem and exile the land's remaining inhabitants.
Babylonian Captivity for the Jews began
586 BC: reincarnation of King Ding of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
28 May 585 BC: A solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Thales, while Alyattes II is
battling Cyaxares. This leads to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from
which other dates can be calculated
585/584 BC: Astyages succeeds Cyaxares as King of the Medes
585 BC: King Jian of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
582 BC: Pythian Games founded at Delphi (traditional date)
580 BC: Cambyses I succeeds Cyrus I as King of Anshan and head of the
Achaemenid dynasty (approximate date)
580 BC: Isthmian Games founded at Corinth (traditional date)
579 BC: Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as
King of Rome (traditional date)
573 BC: Nemean Games founded at Nemea (traditional date)
572 BC: Death of King Jian of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
571 BC: King Ling of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
570 BC: Amasis II succeeds Apries as King of Egypt
570 BC: Pythagoras of Samos is born (approximate date)
568 BC: Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as King of Kush
562 BC: Amel-Marduk succeeds Nebuchadnezzar as King of Babylon
560 BC: Neriglissar succeeds Amel-Marduk as King of Babylon
560/561 BC: Croesus becomes King of Lydia
560 BC: Pisistratus seizes the Acropolis of Athens and declares himself tyrant.
He is deposed in the same year
550s BC: Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica
559 BC: King Cambyses I of Anshan dies and is succeeded by his son Cyrus II the Great
558 BC: Hegesias removed as Archon of Athens
558 BC: The Chinese state of Jin defeats its rival Qin in battle
556 BC: Pisistratus is exiled from Athens to Euboea
556 BC: Labashi-Marduk succeeds Neriglissar as King of Babylon
556/555 BC: Nabonidus succeeds Labashi-Marduk as King of Babylon
550 BC: Abdera is destroyed by the Thracians
550 BC: Cyrus I of Anshan overthrows Astyages of the Medes, establishing the Persian Empire
550 BC: The Late Mumun Period begins in the Korean peninsula
547 BC: Croesus, Lydian King, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys
546 BC: Cyrus of Persia completes his conquest of Lydia, and makes Pasargadae his capital
544 BC: People of Teos migrate to Abdera, Thrace to escape the yoke of Persia
544 BC: King Jing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
543 BC: North Indian Prince Vijaya invades Ceylon and establishes a Sinhalese dynasty
543 BC: Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, purifies the island of Delos (approximate date)
540 BC: Greek city of Elea of southern Italy founded (approximate date)
540 BC: Persians conquer Lycian city of Xanthos, now in southern Turkey (approximate date).
539 BC: Babylon is conquered by Cyrus the Great, defeating Nabonidus
c. 538 BC: Return of some Jews from Babylonian exile who build the Second Temple about
seventy years after the destruction of the First Temple, from 520 BC–516 BC
537 BC: Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to Jerusalem, bringing to a close the
Babylonian captivity
536 BC: According to tradition, the Biblical prophet Daniel receives an angelic visitor[3]
534 BC: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus becomes King of Rome
534 BC: Competitions for tragedy are instituted at the City Dionysia festival in Athens
530 BC: Cambyses II succeeds Cyrus as King of Persia
528 BC: Gautama Buddha attains Enlightenment, and begins his ministry. He founds
Buddhism in India. It becomes a major world religion
526 BC: Psammetichus III succeeds Amasis II as King of Egypt
525 BC: Cambyses II, ruler of Persia, conquers Egypt, defeating Psammetichus III.
This is considered the end of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, and the start of the
Twenty-seventh Dynasty
522 BC: Smerdis succeeds Cambyses II as ruler of Persia
522 BC: Babylon rebels against Persian rule
521 BC: Darius I succeeds Smerdis as ruler of Persia
521 BC: The Babylonian rebellion against Persian rule is suppressed
520 BC: King Dao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies
before the end of the year
520 BC: Cleomenes I succeeds Anaxandridas II as King of Sparta (approximate date)
519 BC: King Jing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
516 BC: Indian subcontinent—Occupation of Punjab is completed by the
Persian King Vistaspa
12 March 515 BC: Construction is completed on the Temple in Jerusalem
514 BC: King Helü of Wu establishes the "Great City of Helü", the ancient name for
Suzhou, as his capital in China
513 BC: Darius the Great subdues the Getae and east Thrace in his war
against the Scythians
510 BC: Hippias, son of Pisistratus and tyrant of Athens, is expelled by a popular revolt
supported by Cleomenes I, King of Sparta and his forces
510 BC: End of reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, last King of the traditional seven
Kings of Rome
510 BC: Establishment of the Roman Republic
510 BC: Demaratus succeeds Ariston as King of Sparta (approximate date)
13 September 509 BC: The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the
Ides of September
508 BC: Office of pontifex maximus created in Rome
507 BC: Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power and increases democracy
506 BC: Battle of Bai ju: Forces of the Kingdom of Wu under Sun Tzu defeat the
forces of Chu.
505 BC: First pair of Roman consuls elected
4 December 502 BC: Solar eclipse darkens Egypt (computed, no clear historical
record of observation)
502 BC: The Latin League defeats the Etruscans under Lars Porsena at Aricia
502 BC: Naxos rebels against Persian domination sparking the Ionian Revolt
501 BC: Cleisthenes reforms democracy in Athens
501 BC: Naxos is attacked by the Persian Empire
501 BC: In response to threats by the Sabines, Rome creates the office of dictator
501 BC: Confucius is appointed governor of Chung-tu
501 BC: Gadir (present-day Cádiz) is captured by Carthage (approximate date)
500 BC: Bantu-speaking people migrate into south-west Uganda from the west
500 BC: Refugees from Teos resettle Abdera
500 BC: Darius I of Persia proclaims that Aramaic be the official language of the
western half of his empire
500 BC: Signifies the end of the Nordic Bronze Age civilization in Oscar Montelius
periodization system and begins the Pre-Roman Iron Age
500 BC: Foundation of first republic in Vaishali Bihar India
Persians begin to seize power
Persians dominate eastern Mediterranean
The Persians under Darius I and later Cyrus invade Transoxiana
Carthage's merchant empire slowly dominates the western Mediterranean
Tao Te Ching written (traditional date)
Confucius formulates his ethical system of Confucianism, which proves highly
influential in China
The Sinhalese emigrate to Sri Lanka
Apparent writing of the Book of Psalms
Abkhazia is colonized by the Greeks
Emergence of the Proto-Germanic Jastorf culture
Temple B, Selinus, Sicily, is built
The Autariatae communities united and expanded towards the Triballi in the
east and the Ardiaei in the south
592 Psamtik II sack Napata
550 Cyrus 2nd King of Medes and Persians
550 Founding Persian Empire
550 Birth of Confucius
539 Persians conquer Babylon
528 Buddhism founded
521 Darius 1st Became King of Persia
509 Roman Republic established
500 Persians first wrote about Noahs arc and Great Flood
500 Persian Empire seeking rule over Greeks
500 Old Testiment rewritten
500 Meroe becomes center of iron production
500 Hieroglyphic inscriptions produced in Zapotec centre of Monte Albán
500 Trans-saharan trade in full bloom from Morocco to Senegal River
500 Northwest Coast native peoples begin to flourish
500 Development of Ge'ez alphabet
500 Cont Austronesian peoples settle Western Polynesia
Biblical eras
Babylonian Era and Exile (605 BC - 538 BC)
Waning Assyrian Power
Josiah (640-609) and Religious Reforms
Jehoahaz (609)
Babylonian Control of Judah
Jehoikim (609-598)
Jehoichin [Jeconiah] (598)
Zedekiah [Mattaniah] (598-587) and the End of Judah
The Fall of Jerusalem and Its Aftermath
The Peak of Babylonian Power
Biblical eras
The Persian Period and Return from Exile (538-323 BC)
The Decline of Babylon
Cyrus and the Rise of Persia
Persian Rule and Return from Exile
The Leadership of Ezra and Nehemiah (not completed)
499 BC: Aristagoras, acting on behalf of the Persian Empire,
leads a failed attack on the rebellious island of Naxos.
499 BC: Aristagoras instigates the Ionic Revolt, beginning the Persian Wars between
Greece and Persia.
499 BC: Sardis destroyed by Athenian and Ionian troops.
498 BC: Leontini subjugated by Hippocrates of Gela.
498 BC: Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I as king of Macedon.
496 BC: Battle of Lake Regillus: A legendary early Roman victory, won over either the
Etruscans or the Latins.
496 BC: Sophocles is born.
495 BC: Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.
494 BC: The Battle of Lade, where Persians take back Ionia.
494 BC: Two tribunes of the plebs and two plebeian aediles are elected for the first time in Rome:
the office of the tribunate is established.
494 BC: The year Rome changed from an Aristocratic Republic to a Liberalized Republic.
493 BC: Piraeus, the port town of Athens, is founded.
493 BC: Coriolanus captures the Volscian town of Corioli for Rome.
492 BC: First expedition of King Darius I of Persia against Greece, under the leadership of
his son-in-law Mardonius. This marks the start of the campaign that culminated in the
Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
491 BC: Leotychidas II succeeds his cousin Demaratus as king of Sparta.
491 BC: Gelo becomes Tyrant of Gela.
490 BC: The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I of Persia is defeated by the Athenians
and Plataeans under Miltiades.
490 BC: Phidippides runs 40 kilometers from Marathon to Athens to announce the
news of the Greek victory; origin of the marathon long-distance race.
489 BC: Cities of Rhodes unite and start construction of the new city of Rhodes.
488 BC: Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after
Cleomenes is judged insane.
487 BC: Egypt revolts against the Persians.
487 BC: Aegina and Athens go to war.
487 BC: Athenian Archonship becomes elective by lot, an important milestone
in the move towards radical Athenian democracy.
486 BC: First part of the Grand Canal of China is built.
486 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as Great King of Persia.
486 BC: Egypt revolts against Persian rule.
486 BC: First Buddhist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu.
Oral tradition established for the first time.
October, 485 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as King of Persia.
484 BC: Athenian playwright Aeschylus wins a poetry prize.
484 BC: Xerxes I abolishes the Kingdom of Babel and removes the golden statue of
Bel (Marduk, Merodach).
484 BC: Persians regain control of Egypt.
483 BC: Gautama Buddha died.
483 BC: Xerxes I of Persia starts planning his expedition against Greece.
481 BC: The Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens and Aegina.
480 BC: King Xerxes I of Persia sets out to conquer Greece.
480 BC: Cimon and his friends burn horse-bridles as an offering to Athena and
join the marines.
480 BC: Pleistarchus succeeds his father Leonidas I as king of Sparta.
August, 480 BC: Battle of Artemisium—The Persian fleet fights an inconclusive
battle with the Greek allied fleet.
August 11, 480 BC: The Battle of Thermopylae, a costly victory by Persians over the Greeks.
September 23, 480 BC: Battle of Salamis between Greece and Persia,
leading to a Greek victory.
480 BC: Battle of Himera—The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the
Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
480 BC: Roman troops march against the Veientines.
479 BC: The Battle of Plataea, the Greeks defeat the Persians, ending the Persian Wars.
479 BC: Battle of Mycale.
479 BC: Potidaea is struck by a tsunami.
478 BC: Establishment of the Temple of Confucius at (modern-day) Qufu.
477 BC: The Delian League is inaugurated.
476 BC: Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to
Tegea, as king of Sparta.
475 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty.
474 BC: Battle of Cumae—The Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and
end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
474 BC: Greek poet Pindar moves to Thebes.
473 BC: The Chinese State of Wu is annexed by the State of Yue.
472 BC: Carystus in Euboea is forced to join the Delian League.
(approximate date)
472 BC: The tragedy The Persians is produced by Aeschylus.
471 BC: Athenian politician Themistocles is ostracized.
470 BC: The philosopher Socrates is born.
468 BC: Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize.
468 BC: Antium captured by Roman forces.
468 BC: King Zhending of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
466 BC: Delian League defeats Persia at the Battle of Eurymedon.
466 BC: The Greek colony of Taras, in Magna Graecia, is defeated by Iapyges,
a native population of ancient Apulia; Tarentine monarchy falls, with the
installation of a democracy and the expulsion of the Pythagoreans.
465 BC: King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanus the
Hyrcanian. He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I, possibly with Artabanus acting as Regent.
465 BC: Thasos revolts from the Delian League.
464 BC: An earthquake in ancient Sparta, Greece leads to a Helot uprising
and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that lead to the Peloponnesian War.
464 BC: Regent King Artabanus of Persia is killed by his charge Artaxerxes I.
464 BC: Third Messenian war.
462 BC: The revolt of Thasos against the Delian League comes to an end with
their surrender.
461 BC: Athenian politician Cimon is ostracized.
460 BC: Egypt revolts against Persia, starting a six year war. An Athenian force
sent to attack Cyprus is diverted to support this revolt.
460 BC: Cincinnatus becomes consul of the Roman Republic.
459 BC: Pleistoanax succeeds his father Pleistarchus as king of Sparta.
459 BC: Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the
Sikels, according to Diodoros Siculus.
459 BC: Ezra leads the second body of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.
458 BC: Greek playwright Aeschylus completes the Oresteia, a trilogy that
tells the story of a family blood feud. The plays will have a great influence on future writers.
458 BC: Cincinnatus is named dictator of the Roman Republic in order to defend
it against Aequi. Sixteen days later, after defeating the invaders at the Battle of
Mons Algidus, he resigns and returns to his farm.
457 BC: Athenian statesman Pericles' greatest reform, allowing common people
to serve in any state office, inaugurates Golden Age of Ancient Athens.
457 BC: Battle of Tanagra—The Spartans defeat the Athenians, near Thebes.
457 BC: Battle of Oenophyta—The Athenians defeat the Thebans and take
control of Boeotia.
457 BC: Decree of Artaxerxes I to re-establish the city government of Jerusalem.
See Ezra 7, Daniel 9 and Nehemiah 1 in Old Testament.
455 BC: A thirty years' truce concluded between Athens and Lacedaemon.
455 BC: Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian
festival of Dionysia.
454 BC: Athens loses a fleet and possibly as many as 50 000 men in a failed
attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia.
454 BC: The treasury of the Delian League is moved from Delos to Athens.
454 BC: Hostilities between Segesta and Selinunte, two Greek cities on Sicily.
453 BC: Taiyuan, a city in China, gets flooded.
451 BC: Athens makes peace with Sparta and wages a war against Persia.
451 BC: The decemviri come to power in the Roman Republic. They enact the
twelve tables, the foundation of Roman Law.
450 BC: Battle of Salamis: Athenians under Cimon defeat the Persian fleet.
450 BC: Perdiccas II succeeds Alexander I as king of Macedonia (approximate date).
449 BC: The Peace of Callias between the Delian League and Persia ends the
Persian Wars.
449 BC: Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens.
449 BC: The Twelve Tables are promulgated to the people of Rome—
the first public laws of the Roman Republic.
449 BC: Romans revolt against the decemvirate. The decemvirs resign and the
tribunate is re-established.
449 BC: Herodotus completes his History, which records the events
concerning the Persian War.
448 BC: Phidias finishes a 9 meter high statue of Athena on the Acropolis.
447 BC: Athens begins construction of the Parthenon, at the initiative of Pericles.
447 BC: Battle of Coronea—The Athenians are driven out of Boeotia.
447 BC: Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek playwright, shows his first play.
445 BC: Pericles declares Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta.
445 BC: Artaxerxes I gives Nehemiah permission to rebuild Jerusalem.
445 BC: The Lacus Curtius is created by a lightning strike in Rome. It is
consecrated by Gaius, Mettius or Marcus Curtius.
443 BC: The Roman Republic creates the office of censor, initially exclusive to patricians.
443 BC: Foundation of the Greek colony of Thurii in Italy. Its colonists include
Herodotus and Lysias.
442 BC: Sophocles writes Antigone.
441 BC: King Ai of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies
before the year's end.
440 BC: Famine in Rome.
440 BC: King Kao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
440 BC: Meron determines the two points of the solstice.
440 BC: Democritus proposes the existence of indivisible particles,
which he calls atoms.
439 BC: Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of the Roman Republic;
during his term he defeats the Volsci.
439 BC: According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from
Spurius Maelius.
438 BC: Ictinus and Callicrates finish construction of the Parthenon,
located on Athens' Acropolis.
435 BC: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of the seven wonders
of the world, is completed.
434 BC: Conflict occurs between the Greek island of Kerkyra and its mother-city Corinth.
434 BC: Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.
433 BC: Battle of Sybota between Corcyra and Corinth.
433 BC (or later): Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.
432 BC: Athens adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing solar and lunar calendars.
432 BC: Athens defeats Corinth in the battle of Potidaea.
432 BC: The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum and Thurii.
431 BC: The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.
431 BC: Defeat of the Aequians by the Romans under the dictator A.
Postumius Tubertus.
431 BC: The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the
notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm,
a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.
430 BC: Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.
c. 430 BC: First performance of Sophocles's Oedipus the King.
429 BC: Battle of Chalcis—Chalcidians and their allies defeat Athens.
429 BC: Battle of Naupactus—Phormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.
429 BC: An outbreak of plague kills over one-third of the population of Athens.
429 BC: King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia.
428 BC: Mytilene rebels against Athens but is crushed.
428 BC: Sparta attempts to crush a rebellion on Corcyra, but cancels the
effort when the Athenians try to intercept them.
428 BC: The Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to the Samnites.
427 BC: The leaders of the Mytilenian revolt are executed.
427 BC: Platea surrenders to the Spartans, who execute over 200 prisoners and
destroy the city.
427 BC: The Athenians intervene in Sicily to blockade Sparta from the island.
426 BC: Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas.
426 BC: When Ambracia invades Acarnania, they seek help from the Spartans and
Athenians respectively. The Athenians then defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Olpae.
425 BC: Demosthenes captures the port of Pylos in the Peloponnesus.
425 BC: The Athenians invade Sphacteria and defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos.
424 BC: Sicily withdraws from the war and expels every foreign power. Thus,
Athens is forced to withdraw from the island.
424 BC: The Athenians try to capture Megara, but are defeated by the Spartans.
424 BC: The Spartan general Brasidas captures Amphipolis, which is a setback for Athens.
Thucydides is held responsible for the Athenian failure and is ostracised.
This gives him time to start writing his history book.
423 BC: The Athenians propose a cease-fire, which the Spartan general Brasidas ignores.
422 BC: The Spartans defeat the Athenians in the Battle of Amphipolis, where the
Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas are both killed.
421 BC: The Peace of Nicias puts a temporary end to the hostilities between Athens and Sparta.
420 BC: Alicibiades is elected strategos of Athens and begins dominating Athenian politics.
419 BC: The Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.
418 BC: The Spartans win a major victory over the Athenians in the Battle of Mantinea,
the biggest land battle of the Peloponnesian War.
416 BC: The Athenians capture the island of Melos and treat the inhabitants with great cruelty.
416 BC: The Athenians adheres a plea of help from
Sicily and starts planning an invasion of the island.
415 BC: The sacred Hermae busts in Athens are mutilated just before the expedition to
Sicily is sent away. One of the culprits, Andocides, is captured and is forced to turn informer.
He names the other mutilators, among them Alcibiades, who are sentenced to death in their absence.
415 BC: Alcibiades defects from Athens to Sparta after having learned about his death sentence.
414 BC: The Athenians try to make a breakthrough in their siege of
Syracuse but are defeated by the Spartans.
413 BC: Demosthenes suggests the Athenians leave Syracuse in order to return to Athens,
where help is needed. However, Nicias refuses and they are again defeated in battle by the Spartans.
Both Demosthenes and Nicias are killed.
413 BC: Caria allies itself with Sparta.
412 BC: The Persian Empire starts preparing an invasion of Ionia and signs a
treaty with Sparta about it.
411 BC: The democracy in Athens is overthrown and replaced by the oligarchic Council of
Four Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated and order is almost restored, when the
Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown
and the old democracy is restored.
410 BC: Athens regains control over its vital grain route from the Black Sea by defeating
Sparta in the Battle of Cyzicus.
409 BC: Athens recaptures Byzantium, thereby putting an end to its revolt against
Athens and taking control of the whole Bosporus.
409 BC: The city of Rhodes is founded.
409 BC: The Carthaginians invade Sicily.
408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes
his son Cyrus a satrap.
However, Cyrus starts collecting an army to benefit his own interests, rather than his father's.
408 BC: Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years.
407 BC: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium,
which gives Alcibiades'
opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again.
406 BC: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted.
406 BC: Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this.
406 BC: The Carthaginians once again invade Sicily and return to Carthage with spoils of war,
but also with the plague.
405 BC: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving.
405 BC: Dionysius the Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with
Carthage and starts consolidating and expanding his influence.
April 25, 404 BC: Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War.
Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, the Thirty Tyrants, in Athens.
404 BC: Egypt rebels against Persian rule.
403 BC: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the
Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens.
The are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this,
the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens.
403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.
403 BC: The Athenians adopt the Ionian alphabet.
401 BC: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however,
eventually slain in battle.
400 BC: After Cyrus has been killed, his Greek mercenaries make their way back to Greece,
where Sparta is so impressed with their feats in and march through
Persia that they declare war on the Persians.
400 BC: The Carthaginians occupy Malta.
400 BC: The Egyptians successfully revolt against Persian rule.
c. 400 BC: London has its origins as far back as this time.
c. 400 BC: Jōmon period ends in Ancient Japan.
499 Revolt of Ionian Greeks against Persian Rule
490 Battle of Marathon
490 Persians Defeated at Marathon
486 Grand Canal begun Asia
480 Xerxes Victory at Thermopylae
480 Leonidas King of Sparta Killed, Athens captured but Greek Navy won at Salamis
480 Led by King Leonidis
480 Battle of Thermopylae. Battle was a last stand bewteen Sparta
Thespians and Thebians angainst Persian Empire
480 Spartans Defended Thermopylae
480 - 479 By invasion by Xerxes. Persians defeated at sae Salamis, and Land Plataea
479 Battle of plataea
479 Greeks under Spartan
479 General Pausanias victory at Plataea
479 Persians left Country
461 - 429 Pericles attempt to make Persians turn to Greece, Basis of Greek empire
450 Tanakh compiled
450 Mound building in eastern North America
431 Sparta became principle enemy of Athens
431 Peloponnesian War, Sparta's suspicians of Pericles ambitions,
Political power removed from Athens
404 End of Peloponnesian War
400 Emergence of Moche civilisation in Peru
400 Albion first mentioned … name of England before Angles
Mid 4th century BC: Priene, Western Turkey is rebuilt.
Pectoral, from the tomb of a Scythian at Ordzhonikidze,
Russia, is made. It is now at Historical Museum, Kiev.
Late 4th century BC: Diadem, reputed to have been found in
a tomb near the Hellespont.
Praxiteles or his followers makes Hermes and the infant Dionysos.
A Hellenistic or Roman copy after a Late Classical original is at the
Archaeological Museum of Olympia.
Discovered in the rubble or the ruined Temple of Hera at Olympia in 1875.
399 BC: Socrates is executed in Athens on charges of impiety
and corrupting Athenian youth.
387 BC: Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome.
383 BC: Second Buddhist council at Vesali,
100 years after the Parinirvana.
373 BC: The Greek city of Helike sinks into the sea causing
the death of its entire population.
c. 360 BC: Theater of Tholos, at Epidauros is built.
Mid-4th century BC: Skopas (?) makes Panel from the
Amazon frieze, south side of the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos.
354 BC: the Battle of Guiling in China.
342 BC: the Battle of Maling in China.
330 BC: Alexander the Great conquers the Persian Empire,
decline and depopulation of Ancient Greece with large
migrations towards the conquered lands.
316 BC: The Chinese State of Qin conquers the State of Shu,
located in modern-day Sichuan, the ultimate success of the
conquest due large in part to the strategy of Zhang Yi.
312 BC: Seleucus I Nicator establishes himself in Babylon,
founding the Seleucid Empire.
Invasion of the Celts into Ireland.
The Scythians are beginning to be absorbed into the Sarmatian people.
The Romans conquer the Abruzzi region, decline of the Etruscan civilization.
The Dalmatae push the Liburni west and the Daorsi and Ardiaei east
395 - 387 Corinthian War caused by Sparta interveneing in a dispute
390 Rome Sacked by Gauls
378 - 371 Sparta successor to Athens in leadership overthrown by Thebes
371 Sparta Defeated by Thebes in Battle of Leuctra Ending Spartas dominant role in area
358 - 336 Philip 2nd of macedon siezed opportunity to supremacy over Greece
350 Beginnings of Nasca culture in southern Peru
350 Inca metal work
343 Persia conquers Egypt
338 Khabash revolts against Persian occupation
334 - 331 Philip's son Alexander the Great Defeats Persian Empire
334 Greece conquers Persia
332 Alexander the Greats conquest
332 Alexander conquers Egypt
321 Rise of the Mauryan Empire
320 Pytheas Greek sailor contemporary with Alexander the G Reached Iceland
300 Meroe becomes capital of Kush
300 Tifinagh script developed
300 The double-spout-and-bridge bottle becomes widespread
300 Achaean and Aetolian leagues formed Miantaining independence from Macedon, Egypt and Rome
299 The Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain,
start the third Samnite War with a collection of mercenaries from Gaul and Sabine and Etruscan allies to help them.
298 The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the
Battle of Camerinum, first battle of the Third Samnite War.
293 The Chinese State of Qin reduced the threat of the State of Wei and the State of Han with the Qin victory in the Battle of Yique.
293 Roman armies penetrate into the heart of the Samnite territory and then capture the
Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus and Aufidena.
293 Agathocles, king of Syracuse, assists the Italian Greeks against the Bruttians and supported the Greeks against the Romans.
293 Ptolemy gives his stepdaughter Theoxena in marriage to Agathocles, the tyrant of Syracuse (in south-eastern Sicily).
293 Ptolemy finally brings the rebellious region of Cyrene under his control. He places the region under the rule of his stepson Magas.
293 Bindusara succeeds his father Chandragupta Maurya as emperor of the Mauryan Empire.
293 Theater, Epidauros, is built with later additions.
281 Antiochus I Soter, on the assassination of his father Seleucus becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.
280 King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades Italy in an attempt to subjugate the Romans and bring Italy under a new empire ruled by himself.
280 Construction of the Colossus of Rhodes is completed
280 - 272 Greek cities of South conquered by Rome
279 Singidunum and Taurunum, today's Belgrade and Zemun, is founded by Scordisci Celts.
275 end of history of Babylon.
After failing to decisively defeat the Romans, Pyrrhus of Epirus withdraws from Italy.
Gallic migration to Macedon, Thrace and Galatia.
273 Ashoka the Great ruled the Mauryan Empire.
264 - 241 First Punic War Roman Victory and annexation of Sicily
264 First Punic War breaks out between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic.
261 Antiochus II Theos, 2nd son, at the death of his father becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.
260 Battle of Changping between the State of Qin and the State of Zhao in China; a decisive Qin victory.
258 An Dương Vương overthrows the Hồng Bàng Dynasty in Viet Nam.
257 Thục Dynasty takes over Viet Nam.
250 First Mayan hieroglyphics
250 Grave Creek Mound built in West Virginia
241 First Punic War ends in Carthaginian defeat. Rome demands large reparations, and annexes Sicily and Corsica.
230 The Chinese Qin State conquers Han.
227 The assassination against Ying Zheng, king of Qin State, by Jing Ke from Yan failed.
226 - 222 Roman conquest of Cisalpine Gaul Conflict with Carthage which was attempted to conquer Sicily
225 A large Gallic army is defeated by the Romans at the Battle of Telamon.
225 The Chinese Qin State conquers Wei.
223 The Chinese Qin State conquers Chu.
222 The Chinese Qin State conquers Yan and Zhao.
221 - 206 Qin Dynasty China reign of Shih Huang Ti and Great wall of China Built
221 China unified
221 With the conquest of the State of Qi, Qin Shihuang unifies the whole of China into one empire that also included
northern Vietnam, forming the Qin Dynasty.
218 Hannibal of invaded Italy and won a few victories
218 Second Punic War Europe
218 Second Punic War begins. Hannibal makes his famous
Alpine crossing to invade Italy, the Roman heartland.
216 Hannibal famously crushed the Roman legions at the Battle of Cannae.
214 Qin Shi Huang of the Chinese Qin Dynasty ordered construction of the Great Wall of China.
206 - 220 AD Han Dynasty China Buddhism introduced First ever census of people taken
208 Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) defeats the Vietnamese king An Dương Vương.
207 Triệu Dynasty of Viet Nam is inaugurated.
206 Civil war of the Chu-Han contention in China after the fall of the Qin Dynasty.
202 Victory over Hannibal at Zama followed by surrender of Carthage
202 - 220AD Han Dynasty of China was founded .
202 Romans defeat Carthaginians, ending the Second Punic War.
202 Carthage's territories are reduced to the city itself, and crippling reparations are demanded by Rome.
202 Battle of Zama Africa
200 Zapotec state develops in Mexico
200 Meroitic script in completed form
200 Djenné settled
200 The Pharos of Alexandria is built.
200 Appearance of the Hopewell culture in Ohio, USA.
200 Teotihuacán, Mexico begun.
200 Indian traders regularly visited Arabia.
200 Scythians occupy Sogdiana, in modern-day Uzbekistan.
200 Great temple complex declines at Chavín de Huántar, Peru
March 14, 190 Solar eclipse recorded in Rome [Livy: Ab Urbe Condita 37.4.4].
185 Fall of the Maurya Empire
175 Antiochus IV Epiphanes, took possession of the Syrian throne, at the murder of his
brother Seleucus IV Philopator, which rightly belonged to his nephew Demetrius I Soter.
168 Battle of Pydna—The Macedonian phalanx defeated by Romans.
168 June 21, 168 BC: Lunar eclipse recorded in Rome [Livy: Ab Urbe Condita 44.37.8].
164 25 Kislev: Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family,
restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Events commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah.
149 Third Punic War (Europe)
148 Three wars with Macedon with Romans Conversion of Macedon into Rome
148 Rome conquers Macedonia.
147 Hasmonean victories restore autonomy to Judea.
146 Greece becomes Roman Province
146 Political strength in greece.
146 Sparta disestablished.
146 Roman conquest of Greece. Sparta looses
146 Greece annexed by Rome
146 Carthage final defeat, Roman province of Africa
146 Battle of Corinth
146 Rome conquers Corinth.
146 Rome destroys and razes the city of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
133 assassination of Tiberius Gracchus
129 collapse of the Seleucid Empire.
121 assassination of Gaius Gracchus
108 Gojoseon-Han War—Han Dynasty finally destroyed Wanggeom seong, the capital of Gojoseon.
And Han Dynasty founded Four Commanderies of Han to govern Gojoseon.
107 Roman consul Gaius Marius passes the Marian Reforms,
which remove all ownership restrictions for joining the Roman Army.
113 Migration of the Cimbri and the Teutons, defeated at the battles of Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae.
Theravada Buddhism is officially introduced to Sri Lanka by the Venerable Mahinda.
100 Rise of Teotihuacán in Mexico
100 Rise of the Hopewell exchange system along the Mississippi
100 Aksum develops its Indian, Red Sea trade links
100c. Theravada Buddhism is officially introduced to Sri Lanka by the Venerable Mahinda.
Hagesandros, Polydoros, Athanadoros of Rhodes make Laocoön and his Sons.
Perhaps the original or a Roman copy of the 1st century AD is discovered in 1506.
It is now at Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Cortile Ottagono, Rome.
Porta Augusta, Perugia, is built.
House of the Vettii, Pompeii, is built.
Late 2nd century BC – Temple perhaps dedicated to Portunes, Forum Boarium, Rome, is built.
Late 2nd century BC or early 1st century BC – Aulus Metellus, found near Perugia, is made.
Shortly before 100 BC the Scythians overran Parthia.[3]
Buddhist monks begin to hew caves for their own use out of the stone plateaus in the region of
south-central India known as the Deccan (approximate date).
The Segestani were attacked by the Romans
92 BC: Lucullus invades Armenia, setting off the centuries long Roman-Persian Wars.
81 BC: Sulla is appointed dictator of the Roman state, and brings about major reforms.
73 BC: A slave rebellion led by the escaped gladiator Spartacus
leads to the Third Servile War.
63 BC: Pompey captures Jerusalem, and establishes Roman annexation of
Judea as a client kingdom. He also permanently abolishes Seleucid Syria.
King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II
becomes king under Roman suzerainty.
57 BC: Silla is founded in southeastern Korea (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi,
a 12th century historical document).
53 BC: The Parthians defeat the Romans under Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae.
Mid 1st century BC – East torana of the Great Stupa at Sanchi, is made.
Early Andhra period. According to an inscription, it is sculpted by
ivory carvers from the nearby town of Vidisha.
January 10, 49 BC: Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river, precipitating war with Rome.
44 BC: Julius Caesar murdered.
Second half of 1st century BC – Chaitya hall at Karli, India, Maharashtra, is made.
Early Andhra period.
37 BC: Goguryeo is founded in southern Manchuria
(traditional date according to Samguk Sagi).
31 BC: Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium—Off the western coast of Greece,
forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
27 BC: The Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus.
Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the
Roman senate becoming the first emperor. The Roman state is henceforth
known as the Roman Empire, and the period from 27 BC to AD 305 as the Principate.
18 BC: Baekje is founded in midwestern Korea (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi).
c. 6 BC – 4 BC: Birth of Jesus of Nazareth
(see Chronology of Jesus' birth and death, Anno Domini, and Common Era for further details).
Openwork box lid, from Cornalaragh County, Monaghan, Ireland, is made. La Tène period.
(approximate date) It is now kept at National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
Late 1st century BC – Garden Scene, detail of a wall painting from the Villa of Livia at
Prima Porta, is made. It is now kept at Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome.
55 Caesar attempts to invade England and fails
51 Gaul conquered by Caesar
50 Rise of the Iputiak in Alaska
31 Battle of Actium Europe
31 Rome Conquers Egypt
30 First discovery of Cuniform Script…
30 Augustus Egypt now Roman Prov
30 Death of Anthony and Cleopatra…
30 Conquest by Roman Emperor
30 Egypt was Annexed by Rome
20 Meroites thwart Roman conquest
The End... or the Begining ... depending how you look at it!
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